276 POWDERED VEGETABLE DRUGS 



50. (Fig. 64.) CAULOPHYLLUM. Blue Cohosh. 

 Fl. ex. 60. 



Pappoose-root, Squaw-root, Blueberry-root, E. 



The rhizomes and roots of Caulophyllum thalictroides Mich., 

 Berberidaceae. 



Rather light brown. 



Nearly odorless. 



Sweetish, bitter, pungent. 



Rather large thin walled parenchyma with small simple spherical 

 starch granules; some cork tissue; larger and smaller porous ducts; 

 and tracheids. 



51. CERTRARIA. Certraria. 



Entire. 



Iceland moss, Lungwort, E. Islandisches Moos, Islandische Flechte, 

 Lungenmoos, G. Lichen (Mousse) d'Islande, Fr. 



The entire plant, Cetraria islandica Ach., Lichenes. 



Brownish when dry; bluish green when moist. 



Practically odorless; faintly musty. 



Slightly bitter and mucilaginous. 



The fungal portion consists of a pseudo-parenchyma and hyphal 

 network. The algae (gonidia) are single-celled, spherical, green. 

 Apothecia and spores are rare. 



Ash 7 per cent. 



Adulterated with various impurities as pine leaves, mosses and 

 grass leaves. Other species of foliose lichens may be substituted. 



