468 POWDERED VEGETABLE DRUGS 



168. ROSA GALLICA. Red Rose. U. S. 



Fl. ex. 30. 



Essigrose, Sammtrose, Zuckerrose, G. Rose rouge, Rose de Provins, 

 Fr. 



The petals of Rosa gallica L., Rosaceae. 



Light purplish red. 



Fragrant; rose odor. 



Very astringent, acidulous, bitterish. 



Upper epidermal cells vertically elongated, conical, with granules 

 of purple coloring matter. In vertical view these cells appear thick- 

 walled polygonal, indistinct in coarse powder, cuticle smooth. Lower 

 epidermal cells larger, not elongated, vertical walls somewhat wavy, 

 irregular; cuticle finely wavy, short linear striate; no "coloring matter. 

 Parenchyma cells rounded, empty. Spiral ducts. 



Ash 3.5 per cent. 



Adulterated with the petals of various red roses or petals of the 

 white or pink roses colored with red dye as fuchsin. 



169. Fig. (164.) RUBUS. Blackberry. 

 Fl. ex. 60. 



Brombeerrinde, G. Ecorce de rouce noir, Fr. 



The root bark with some of the wood of Rubus villosus Aiton, 

 R. canadensis L., and R. trivialis Michaux, Rosacese. 



Very light brown. 



Odorless. 



Very astringent, bitter. 



Outer layer of brown cork. Inner bark parenchyma of thin-walled, 

 closely united cells bearing simple spherical starch granules. Bast 

 fibers with walls of medium thickness, porous, containing some starch; 

 outer walls of bast appear shreddy. A few short sclerenchymatous 

 tracheids accompany bast fibers. Numerous tracheids and porous 

 ducts from wood remnants of roots. 



Compare the histology of the three official roots. May be adul- 

 terated with roots and rhizomes of other plants. 



