478 POWDERED VEGETABLE DRUGS 



174. SAMBUCUS. Sambucus. 

 Fl. ex. 30. 



Elder flowers, E. Fliederblumen, Hollunderblumen, G. Fleurs 

 de sureau, Fr. 



The flowers of Sambucus canadensis L., Caprifoliacese. 



Pale brown. 



Fragrant: recalling chamomille. 



Bitter, mucilaginous. 



Prismatic epidermal cells with irregularly linear cuticular markings. 

 Stomata nearly circular, distinct. Numerous pale brown, spheroidal 

 pollen grains; exine faintly papillose or warty; pores distinct. Small 

 celled parenchyma with granular particles and yellowish coloring 

 matter. A few simple single-celled, rather large trichomes, with 

 distinct wavy linear cuticular markings. 



Compare with flowers of S. nigra. 



175. (Fig. 169.) SANGUINARIA. Sanguinaria. U. S. 

 Fl. ex. 60. 



Bloodroot, E. Blutwurzel, G. Sanguinaire, Fr. 



The rhizomes of Sanguinaria canadensis L., Papaveraceae. 



Bright brownish red. 



Nearly odorless. 



Very persistently acridly pungent, bitter. 



Outer large-celled dark brown cork tissue, some cells of which are 

 filled with a very dark brown resin. Parenchyma cells large, with 

 thin reddish brown walls, some resin-bearing parenchyma cells. Starch 

 granules mostly single, nearly spherical, hili centric and quite distinct, 

 3 to ISn in diameter, polarizing bands distinct. Laticiferous ducts 

 with brown contents. Ducts mostly reticulate. 



Ash 5.5 per cent. 



Not generally adulterated. 



