CLASSIFICATION OF THE TRUE FUNGI. 



Ill 



wheat and spelt which smells of herring brine. The grains do 

 not fall to pieces, but remain closed ; hence the brand mass 

 contaminates the meal, and imparts to it a disagreeable smell. 

 Spores spherical, pale brown ; episporium, with highly de- 

 veloped reticular thickenings. When the spores sprout there 

 is formed at the end of the promycelium a whorl of thread- 

 like sporidia, which at the lower half become united in pairs 

 by a transverse branch, and drop off while thus united ; these 

 send out at some point or other a thread-like germinating 

 tube, in which there is frequently a separation of secondary 

 sporidia in the form of longish oval cells, which can again 

 sprout (fig. 2). 



When grown in saccharine solutions the Ustilaginca?, ac- 

 cording to Brefeld's recent investigations, form a continuous 

 series of vegetative forms, the promycelium either continuing 

 to develop in the form of buds, or the germinating tube of the 

 resting spore growing to form a thread-like mycelium, which 

 gives rise to spores by segmentation, either in the fluid or 

 on branches rising into the air. 



2. Entomophtorea3 (order: BasidiosporeaB). 

 organisms grow 

 parasitically on in- 

 sects, and cause 

 the death of their 

 hosts; they are the 

 ciuse of certain 

 epidemic diseases 

 of insects. 



Empusa muses?. 

 Parasitic on house 

 flies. The flies which 

 are killed by this 

 fungus hang on the 

 walls with their legs 

 extended; three 

 white belts (the 

 basidia) project be- 

 tween the segments 

 of the swollen pos- 

 terior part of the 

 body; the fly is sur- 

 rounded by a broad 

 white area of dust, 

 which consists of 

 spores which have 

 been thrown off . The 



These Empusa 

 muscse. 



Fig. 3. Empusa muscae X 30 J. 

 (AfterBref3ld.) 



A, ripe spores surrounded by protoplasm. 



B, a portion of the skin of a fly with germi- 



nating 1 spores. 



C, a hypha formed in the interior of the 



body, the swollen end of which is do- 

 veloping into a basidium. 

 Z>, portion of a similar thread with the spore 

 already evident 



