150 CLASSIFICATION OF THE MICRO-ORGANISMS. 



mulberries or bramble berries ; here and there we see 

 irregular processes which look like fine knotted strings. 

 Under a somewhat higher power it is evident that these 

 colonies are composed of a number of individual cells. 

 In test tube cultivations they grow similarly and more 

 luxuriantly on the surface than in the substance of the 

 jelly, and send out relatively thick processes. 



Sacch. cllipsoideus, wine yeast. Cells elliptical, as a 

 rule 6 ft in length, single or in short-branched chains ; 

 usually 2 to 4 spores in a mother cell, 3 to 3 J ^ in 

 diameter. This is the chief fungus of spontaneous 

 fermentations, especially of the fermentation of wine 

 juice, hence it is present everywhere. Sacch. conglom- 

 eratus. Cells round, bound together to form balls. It 

 occurs on decomposing grapes, and at the commence- 

 ment of the vinous fermentation. S. exiguus. Cells 

 conical or circular, 5 //, long, up to 2' 5 p thick* It 

 appears in beer yeast during the after fermentation. 

 S. pastorianus. Cells oval or club-shaped. The 

 colonies consist of primary club-shaped joints 18 to 22 ju, 

 in length, which form secondary lateral roundish or 

 oval daughter cells 5 to 6 p in length. It forms 2 to 

 4 spores. It occurs in the after fermentation of wine 

 and cider, and in the fermentation of beer. S. apicu- 

 latus. Cells citron-shaped, with short points at each 

 end, 6 to 8 p in length, 2 to 3 p in breadth; its buds 

 are only at the pointed ends. Seldom united in 

 colonies. Spores unknown. Occurs along with other 

 forms of yeast in various spontaneous fermentations. 

 S. sphcericus. The basal cells of the colony are 

 oblong or cylindrical, 10 to 15 //, in length, 5 ^ in 

 breadth ; the other cells are spherical, 5 to 6 fj, in 

 diameter, united in branched families. Spores un- 

 known. 



Sacch. mycoderma (Mycoderma cerevisiae et vim, 

 Kahmpilz). Cells oval, elliptical, or cylindrical, 6 to 

 7 p long, 2 to 3 IJL thick ; form chains with numerous 

 branches. The spore-forming cells may be as long as 

 20 p ; 1 4 spores in every mother cell. Forms a scum 

 on fermenting fluids, and grows on the surface without 



