152 CLASSIFICATION OF THE MICKO-ORGANISMS. 



beer have given the following results : if the surface is grey 

 and dull, Sacch. mycoderma is exclusively or chiefly present, 

 and numerous air bubbles appear between the groups of cells ; 

 if the surface is glistening and slimy, the membrane consists 

 of microbacteria, and the fluid is then muddy and discoloured. 

 Under a membrane consisting exclusively of Mycoderma 

 aceti, Mycoderma Pasteurianum (see description of both 

 among the bacteria), or Sacch. mycoderma, the fluid is always 

 clear and unaltered in colour. A temperature between 30 

 and 34 C, is particularly favourable for Myc. aceti and 

 Pasteurianum. Sacch. mycoderma grows best at 15 C., at 

 higher temperatures it is difficult for it to hold its own against 

 the bacteria; above 26 C. this becomes practically im- 

 possible. 



If this fungus is compelled to vegetate beneath the 

 surface of fluids, a small quantity of alcohol is formed, 

 but the fungus soon dies. 



In watery, acid fluids, poor in sugar, the cells often 

 form long tubes, which then send out further buds, 

 become transversely divided, and finally break up into 

 single cells. The latter again bud in a similar manner 

 The fungus of (Cienkowsky). This structure is most pronounced in 

 the case of Sacccharomyces albicans, the fungus of 

 thrush (formerly described as Oidium albicans). Accord- 

 ing to Rees and Grawitz this fungus resembles very 

 closely the S. mycoderma, if, indeed, it is not identical 

 with it, Cells partly spherical, partly oval or cylin- 

 drical, 3*5 5 //. in thickness ; the cylindrical cells are 

 10 20 times as long as thick. The budding colonies 

 consist for the most part of rows of cylindrical cells, 

 from the ends of which rows of oval or spherical cells 

 sprout out ; spores single, formed in roundish cells. 

 Occurs as thrush on the mucous membrane of the 

 mouth, especially in suckling children, and forms 

 greyish-white patches which contain also epithelium, 

 schizomycetes, yeast cells, and mycelia of different 

 mould fungi. The thrush fungus is easily cultivated on 

 solid or in fluid nutritive substrata, which contain, 

 besides sugar, tartrate of ammonia and inorganic salts ; 

 according to the amount of sugar present, the cells 

 either sprout out to form long threads, or, in strong 

 saccharine solutions, 4 8 daughter cells project from 



