MALARIA. 295 



described by Klebs ; he found them both during the 

 paroxysms, and also in the afebrile period. Ziehl 

 examined the blood of 25 patients suffering from other 

 diseases without finding these bacilli ; they were, how- 

 ever, obtained in the case of a patient suffering from 

 diabetes. 



About the same time Laveran stated that he had Laveran's 

 found in the blood of patients suffering from malaria, of tbeTlood. 

 micro-organisms of a totally different appearance. Ac- 

 cording to him these organisms belong to the class of 

 protozoa, and in the fully developed state they form 

 transparent spheres of the size of red blood corpuscles, 

 and shoot out fine mobile filaments ; dark red pigment 

 granules, in active movement, are enclosed in the 

 interior of the spheres. Richard has confirmed these 

 observations, which, how r ever, were made without the 

 aid of the microscopical means now employed. 



Finally, in the year 1883, Marchiafava and Celli MarchiafavaV 

 observed in the blood of malarial patients, taken during examination 

 the period of fever, dried in a thin layer on the cover of blood, 

 glass, and then stained with methylene blue, peculiar 

 alterations of the red blood discs. Bluish stained bodies 

 of various size and form were present in a greater or 

 less number of the blood corpuscles; at first these 

 bodies resemble micrococci stained of an intense blue 

 colour, and in addition to these there are larger round 

 or oval bodies, in the interior of which are granules, or 

 masses of black pigment. At times the whole blood 

 corpuscle is converted into a faintly blue stained round 

 mass, which is filled with small clumps of pigment. 

 On examining the fresh blood, without any addition to 

 it, the larger bodies appear as colourless patches in the 

 red blood discs ; these patches usually contain pigment 

 granules, and gradually increase in size, till ultimately 

 the whole red blood corpuscle is composed of a colour- 

 less substance enclosing a large number of pigment 

 granules. 



Yon Sehlen confirmed these observations, finding in 

 blood taken from malariul patients during the febrile 

 stage, and prepared with all ordinary precautions, 



