314 



BACILLI PATHOGENIC IN ANIMALS. 



are found in the blood vessels and capillaries ; the Lest 

 appearances are obtained from sections of lung, stained 

 with gentian violet. Mice and birds (sparrows, pigeons, 

 fowls) are as susceptible as rabbits ; guinea-pigs and 

 white rats are immune ; dogs do not react on inoculation 

 of small quantities, but after subcutaneous injection of 

 larger amounts an extensive oedema of the subcutaneous 

 cellular tissue occurs, and the animals die after two or 

 three days. No experiments have as yet been made as 

 to the attenuation of these bacilli ; in successive cultiva- 

 tions even continued for a long time they retain their 

 full virulence. 



Bacillus cliolercB gallinarum. 



(Bacteria of Chicken Cholera, or Fowl Typhoid ; 

 Microbe du Cholera des Poules.) 



In the epidemic disease which occurs in poultry yards, 

 and which has been known and dreaded for a long time 

 in France under the title of chicken cholera (although 

 the symptoms show very little resemblance to those of 

 human cholera), bacilli were found in the first instance 

 by Perroncito, then by Toussaint, and later by Pasteur, 

 and these have proved to be the causal exciting agents 

 of the disease. These observations have been con- 

 firmed and extended by Eivolta, Marchiafava and Celli, 

 and Kitt. Petri has also found bacteria in an epidemic 

 in a poultry yard, which are probably identical with the 

 bacilli of chicken cholera. 



The disease begins by the fowls attacked becoming 

 very helpless and tumbling about, the wings hang, and 

 ultimately the animal sits quietly rolled up in a ball, 

 with erected feathers. The animals are very somno- 

 lent ; if they are compelled to open their eyes they 

 ijppear as if they had awaked from a deep sleep ; 

 they soon close the eyelids again, and usually 

 after a slight convulsive attack, die without having 

 moved from the spot. Very frequently at the height 

 of the disease there is a slimy diarrhoea, the stools 



