482 



SPIRILLUM RUGULA. 



rapidity. It occurs frequently during the summer in 

 marsh water in which algae are putrefying, in gutters, 

 &e. 



SpirocJuete denticola (Spirochaete of the saliva). 

 These organisms are much shorter than the foregoing, 

 as a rule 10 to 20 /*. in length ; the threads have a 

 simple wavy outline, and are pointed at hoth ends. It 

 occurs very frequently in the deposit on the teeth, and 

 along with Leptothrix buccalis in the contents of carious 

 teeth, t 



Spirillum rugula (Vihrio rugula). Cells 6 to 8 ft. 

 in length, *5 to 2'5 p. in thickness, with a single bend, 

 or at most with flat spiral turns ; at times united in 

 longer chains, often matted together in considerable 

 numbers (fig. 55A). They are motile, with active 

 rotation around their long axis. Koch has observed 

 distinct flagella. Before spore formation takes place 



Fig. 132. Vibrio rugula (after Prazmo\v>ki) X 1020. 

 , young rods. b, thicker rods. r, spore-bearing rods. 



the threads become thickened throughout their whole 

 length ; a spherical swelling then occurs at one end, so 

 that the rod has the appearance of a comma; this swell- 

 ing ultimately becomes a spherical spore. The 

 organism occurs in marsh water, in the deposit on the 

 teeth, in feces, &c. It is often associated with bacillus 

 butyricus, and is hence in all probability an anaerobe. 

 According to Prazmowski'i Vibrio rugula occasions 

 energetic decomposition of cellulose. In decoctions 



* Koch, Colitis Beitr. z. Blol. d. Pflanzen, ii., p. 420. 



f Ibid., p. 432. 



j Untersuchunyen, &c., Leipzig, 1880, p. 44. 



