XS THE AMERICAN GARDENER. 



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I always sow new seed in preference to old, if, in all 

 other respects, I know the new to be equal to the old. 



Parsnips, carrots, beets, onions, and many other 

 things, may be safely sown in the fall. The seed will 

 not perish, if covered by the earth. But then, care must 

 be taken to sow early enough in the fall for the plants 

 to come up before the frosts set in. The seed of all 

 plants will lie safe in this way all the winter, though 

 the frost penetrate to the distance of three feet beneath 

 them, except the seeds of such plants as a slight frost 

 will cut down. The seed of kidney beans, for instance, 

 will rot, if the ground be not warm enough to bring it 

 up. So will the seed of cucumbers, melons, and Indian 

 corn, unless buried beyond the reach of the influence of 

 the atmosphere. Even early peas would be best sown 

 in the fall, could you have an insurance against mice. 

 We all know what a bustle theie is to get in early peas. 

 If they were sown in the fall, they would start up the 

 moment the frost were out of the ground, and would be 

 ten days earlier in bearing, in spile of every effort made 

 by the spring-sowers to make their peas overtake them. 

 In some cases it would be a good way, to cover the 

 sown ground with litter, or with leaves of trees, as soon 

 as the frost has fairly set in ; but, not before ; for, if you 

 do it before, the seed may vegetate, and then may be 

 killed by the frost. 



When the seeds are properly, and at suitable dis- 

 tances placed in the drills, rake tiie ground, and in all 

 cases, tread it with your feet, unless it be very moist. 

 Then rake it slightly again ; for all seeds grow best 

 when the earth is pressed closely about them. When 

 the plants come up, thin them, keep them clear of weeds, 

 and attend to the directions given under the names of 

 the several plants. 



TRANSPLANTING. 



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The weather for transplanting, whether of table ve» 

 getables, or of trees, is the same as that for sowing. If 



