68 DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST THEES. 



An essential condition of a copious reproduction in tlic 

 manner described is full enjoyment of li<^'lit ; stools standinj,^ 

 under cover develop either feeble shoots or none at all. 



As regards species, the following classitication may be made : — 



The lu']>n)(hicti<)ii in inaiiitniiii'd hci/oiiil an acjc of 40 i/fars 



in the cfoif of: Oak, sweet chestnut, hornbeam, elm, 



alder. 



It ccasrs at an rarliey afjc in : ]jeech, birch, Norway maple, 



sycamore, ash. 

 The conifers have no power of reproduction of this class 

 worth mentioning. Larch shows best amongst conifers, and 

 the three needled pines next. 



Some species produce only stool shoots, others only root 

 suckers, and others again both : — 



Principalbj stool shoots : Oak, hazel, hornbeam, beech, elm, 

 sweet chestnut, hme, black poplar, alder, ash, sycamore, 

 maple, willow, birch. 

 Princijyalhj root sachcrs : Aspen, white alder, false acacia, 



white poplar, and willows. 

 The age to which stools live differs considerably, according 

 to species and locality. "While the stools of oak and hornbeam 

 last for centuries, those of beech are comparatively short lived. 

 The osiers in the Thames valley, if coppiced annually, are 

 said to last only about 10 years. 



