SHADE BEARING WITH LIGHT DEMANDING SPECIES. 81 



localities where silver fir grows, provided the mixture is 

 judiciously arranged. 



Larch and Douglasjir, — A good mixture, but it is desirable 

 to place the species into alternate lines, so as to exercise a 

 proper control over each. 



Larch and beech. — This is an excellent mixture. Larch 

 grows quickly enough to maintain itself in the even aged 

 form, but it is still better to start with pure larch and bring 

 in the beech, when the former is 15 to 30 years old. The 

 most suitable localities are those with a fresh deep soil on 

 northerly or easterly aspects. 



(2.) Scotch pine in mixture icith shade hearing species.- — The 

 Scotch pine very much resembles the larch in its bearing 

 towards the shade bearing species. The even aged form does 

 fairly well in the majority of cases, provided the shade bearing 

 species are in youth protected against the Scotch pine. In 

 the uneven aged form, spruce, silver fir or beech need not be 

 brought in until the Scotch pine has reached the age of 

 20 — 40 years, as it begins to thin out somewhat later than 

 the larch. The Scotch pine must not be too numerous, or its 

 shade will injure the other species in the uneven aged form, 

 as well as during youth in the even aged form. 



Both Scotch pine and larch ali'ord excellent protection 

 against frost and drought to silver fir and beech during 

 their tender youth, and also to spruce, though the latter 

 requires such protection in a less degree than the former 

 two species. 



Scotch pine and hornbeam occur sometimes together, especially 

 in frost localities, where the hornbeam replaces the beech. 

 Hornbeam is liable to suffer considerably from the shade of the 

 Scotch pine, so that it is frequently reduced to an underwood, 

 which should be periodically coppiced. 



(3.) Oak in mixture with shade bearing species. — Oak and 



spruce. — Natural mixtures of oak and spruce are rare, owing 



to the difi'erent character of the two species. Oak is at home 



in low warm situations, spruce in cool high places. Oak 



s. G 



