90 THE SYLVKTLTT'RAL SYSTEMS. 



I. Principal Systems : — 



A. High or Seedling forest — 



1. Clear cutting and subseiiuent regeneration . 1 



2. Regeneration under a shelter-wood : 



a. B}' treating one or several eompartnients in 



an uniform manner . . . .2 



h. ,, groups 3 



r. ,, single trees ...... 4 



B. Coppice forest f) 



C. Combination of seedling and coppice forest . . () 



II. Auxiliary systems — 



1. High forest with standards . . . . 7 



2. Two-storied high forest 8 



3. High forest with soil protection wood . . l) 



4. Forestry combined with the growth of field 



crops •. . .10 



5. Forestry combined with pasture . . .11 



6. Forestry combined with the breeding of deer 



and game . . . . . . .12 



Section I. — Description of Systems. 



In considering the various systems the following points 

 deserve special attention : — 



(1.) Origin and character of wood. 



(2.) External dangers peculiar to the system. 



(3.) Quantity and quality of produce. 



(4.) Effect of the system upon the factors of the locality. 



The remarks on each of the twelve systems will be arranged 

 under these four heads. 



1. Si/Htei)i of Clear Cnttiii;/ in Wuih Forrst. 



a. Orii/i/i (Old ( 'hararlrr. 



The wood is originated on an area, which is clear of trees, 



by direct sowing, or planting, or occasionally by seed coming 



from adjoining woods. The young trees are all of the same 



