COPPICE WITH STANDARDS. 99 



<l. Effect vjioii the Factors of the Locality. 

 Owing to the rapid growth of the shoots and the quick 

 estahhshment of a complete cover, coppice woods protect 

 the soil well after the first few j^ears, but the latter is laid 

 bare at much shorter intervals than in the case of high forest. 

 The higher the rotation, the more nearly does coppice wood 

 approach the character of high forest ; as a rule, however, the 

 rotation is short, and the wood does not reach that age at 

 which air currents obtain free access underneath the crowns. 



6. 77(6' Coppu-c iritii Standards System {Stored Coppice). 

 (I. Orvjiii and Ghanicter. 



The system of coppice with standards is a combination of 

 the following two systems : — 



(1.) Simple coppice of even age. 



(2.) Standards of uneven age treated under the high forest 

 selection system. 



The coppice forms the underwood, and the standards the 

 overwood, the two being treated under different rotations. 

 Generally, cuttings are made in both underwood and over- 

 wood at the same time, that is to say, when the underwood 

 has arrived at the end of its rotation, it is cut over, and at the 

 same time those standards are removed which have reached 

 the end of the rotation fixed for the overwood, or which it is 

 desirable to remove for other reasons. New standards are 

 then introduced, which, as a rule, should be seedlings and 

 not coppice shoots. It follows that, theoretically, the several 

 gradations of the overwood show a difference in age equal to 

 one rotation of the underwood, and the age of the oldest 

 standards at the time of cutting is a multiple of the number 

 of years contained in the rotation fixed for the underwood. 



ExanqAe. 

 Flotation of underwood . . . . = 20 years. 



Flotation of overwood = 100 ,, 



Number of age gradations in overwood . = ^^^\^ ^ 5 



H 2 



