102 THE SYLVICULTT'HAL SYSTEMS. 



liand tlie system is spocially adapted to the production of 

 timber of all kinds and sizes. It at^'ords opi)ortunity for the 

 individual development of the trees \vitliout endangerinf? tlie 

 factors of the locality to any great extent. In one point, 

 however, it is inferior to high forest, inasmuch as the shape 

 of the trees is not so good ; they are shorter and less clear of 

 branches in the lower part of the stem, unless tlie standards 

 are placed into groups. 



il. Fjjffcl upon tlir Fnclurs (if Ihr Lnifilili/. 



If treated properly, coppice witli standards acts highly 

 beneficially upon the factors of the locality ; the laying bare 

 of the soil at the end of every rotation of the underwood. is 

 only ver}' partial and of short duration. 



7. /////// y-n/v.s7 irilli Stniidarch. 

 (I. Oiiti'ni (iiiil ( 'hfirarlcr. 

 During tlie regeneration of a high forest single trees or 

 groups of trees are left standing, with the intention that they 

 shall continue to increase in size for a further series of years. 

 After the completion of the regeneration, such woods consist 

 of a new crop and a number of standards scattered over it, 

 either in single trees or in groups. The period during which 

 the standards are retained differs from a few years to a whole 

 or even Iwo or more rotations. 



h. Kxtcnidl haniicrs. 

 These are the same as those of the original system, with 

 this addition, that the standards are liable to be thrown by 

 wind ; hence only wind iirni species should be selected for 

 standards, and the system should not be adopted at all in 

 localities which are specially exposed to storms. 



r. Priuhirlhm of U'noi/. 

 Tiidcr tliis system timber of very large dimensions is pro- 

 duced, such as cannot be grown under any ordinary high 

 forest system, except under exceptionally high rotations. 



