CHOICE OF SYSTEM. 107 



11. Forestrji comh'med with Pasture. 



Pasture lands are widely planted with forest trees, which 

 yield a certain return, and also improve the value of the 

 pasture by keepinj;' out cold or dr}^ winds and by affording 

 shelter to the cattle. Broad-leaved species may also be lopped 

 for cattle fodder. 



The trees are established by planting strong seedling plants, 

 which must be effectively protected against the cattle until the 

 crowns have grown be^'ond their reach. The trees may be 

 placed in lines. 



12. Forestrji cumbiiied tcith tJie IlearliKi of Gduii'. 



A forest, which is fenced and stocked with deer or other 

 game, is called a preserve, or deer forest. The game, as a 

 rule, interferes much with the production of trees, the latter 

 being frequentl}' the less important consideration. 



High forest is usuall}' preferable to coppice, because 

 regeneration recurs only after longer intervals, and deer 

 especially prefer coppice shoots to seedling plants ; at the same 

 time coppice woods suit most kinds of game better than high 

 forest. Species which produce food for the deer, as oak, 

 chestnut, etc., should be represented in deer forests. 



Young growth must be carefully fenced ; planting is 

 preferable to sowing, as the object should be to reduce the 

 regeneration period to a minimum. 



Section II. — CIhoice of System. 



It has been shown in the last section, that each sylvicultural 

 system has its special advantages and disadvantages, and that 

 their effects differ principally in respect of the production of 

 wood, the power of resistance against external dangers, and 

 the preservation of the factors of the locality. All these and 

 many other matters must be considered in selecting the system 



