lOH THK SYIAIcri/rrUAI, SYSTE>rs. 



wliicli is best iidapted to any special set f)f conditions. Tliey 

 may be bi-onglit under the following headings: — 



(1.) Suitability of the system to the selected species. 



(2.) The permanent preservation or even improvement of 

 the factors of the locality. 



(3.) Protection against external dangers. 



(4.) Safety and simplicity of the method of regeneration. 



(5.) Quantity and quality of the produce. 



(6.) Intensity of management. 



(7.) Existence or absence of forest riglits. 



1. SiiitaJiilif// (i/ fht' Si/steiit to the si'Icctctl SjiccieH. 



This is a consideration of the first importance in all cases, 

 where it is desired to grow a particular species. In the first 

 place, coniferous species cannot be treated as coppice woods ; 

 while several broad-leaved species, such as beech and birch, 

 possess only a moderate reproductive power by shoots. In all 

 such cases only the high forest systems are indicated ; beech 

 and birch at any rate should not be grown in pure coppice 

 woods. Again, light demanding species with thin crowns are 

 but badly suited for ordinary simple high forest ; they should 

 be raised as standards in coppice with standards, or in two- 

 storied high forest, or with a coppice underwood, or in mixture 

 with shade bearing species. Such species are also difHcult to 

 raise under shelter-woods. On the other hand, tender shade 

 bearers like beech and silver fir are better adapted to the 

 shelter- wood systems than to the clear cutting system. 

 Lastly, whenever a system involves two crops of uneven age 

 on the same area, the overwood must consist of a thin 

 crowned, that is to say, light demanding species, and the 

 underwood of a dense crowned or shade bearing species. 



2. I'l-ciniydioii <>/ Oir i'artor^i of thr Loralit//. 



On general economic principles, forests should be worked 

 and managed for a sustained yield, and not for a temporary 



