150 



ARTIFICIAL FORMATION OF WOODS. 



durinp; germination and the early stage of life, are a proper 

 degree of moisture, heat and porosit}-. A dr}-, loose, stony 

 soil, and again a hard, cold soil, requires more seed than a 

 fresh soil of middling porosity. 



The Mode of Grouth. — In the case of species which are of 

 quick growth during youth less seed is required, than for 

 others which grow slowly at first and do not close up for some 

 time. 



External Dangers. — The seeds are liable to be eaten by 

 animals. Amongst these birds are most injurious. To 

 protect small seeds against birds they may be coated with red 

 lead. Mice may be caught in traps or poisoned. The 

 young seedlings are subject to injury by animals, fungi, the 

 effects of climate such as frost, drought, excess of moisture, 

 and they are liable to be choked by weeds. The quantity of 

 seed to be sown is governed by the extent to which such 

 injuries may be expected to take place in any given locality. 



Although it is, therefore, impossible to give the actual 

 quantity of seed required in any particular case, the following 

 figures may be taken as illustrating, under average conditions, 

 the necessary quantities in the case of broadcast sowing, the 

 seed being of good quality and clean : — 



Oak 

 Beech 



Hornbeam ] 

 Ash . j 

 ]\raple . ^ 

 Birch . 

 Elm 



Alder . 

 Silver fir 

 Larch 

 Spruce . 

 Scotch pine 



Quantity of Seed in 

 i'ouiuls |ier Acre. 



. 550 

 . 150 



35 



30 



25 

 15 

 10 

 14 

 10 

 G 



