160 ARTIFICIAL FORMATION OF WOODS, 



question are represented on page 1<J1. The following few- 

 remarks will explain their use : — 



Fig. 22 represents a scythe with a short strong blade, used 



for cutting heather, broom, etc. 

 ,, 23, a hoe used for the removal of ordinary weeds, 



grass, etc. 

 ,, 24, a three-pronged hoe, used for wounding the soil. 

 ., 25, a narrow light hoe, used for superticial hoeing in 



light soils. 

 ,, 26, a broad hoe, used for clod hoeing. 

 ,, 27, a light hoe with a hatchet on the reverse (or a 



miniature mattock), used for hoeing in soil which 



contains roots from a former crop. 

 ,, 28, a two-pronged hoe, used for light hoeing or wound- 

 ing the soil. 

 ,, 29, a simple pick, used in working stony or gravellj' 



soil. 

 ,, 30, a strong hoe, used on soils with roots, or on stony 



ground. 

 ,, 31, a pickaxe, being a combination of figs. 2'J and 30. 

 ., 32, an Irish spade. 

 ,, 33, a Scotch planting spade. 

 ,, 34, a light planting spade. 

 ,, 35, a four-pronged digging fork. 



b. Soicrn;/. 



Seed may be sowii by hand or by machines. The latter 

 can only be used on fairly level ground, with a loose soil free 

 from stones and roots ; they frequently cover the seed at the 

 same time. In the majority of cases the sowing will have to 

 be done by hand. The essential point is to distribute the 

 seed as evenly as possible ; hence it is desirable to divide 

 large areas into smaller sections, and to allot a proportionate 

 quantity of seed to each. The sowing of small seeds is done 

 as in the case of ordinary grain sowing. A good plan, in the 

 case of level or moderately sloping ground, is to sow cross- 



