188 AHTIFlflAL FORMATION OF WOODS. 



species. Tlie latter recover luucli (juicker, especially species 

 with a strong reproductive power after injury, such as willow, 

 poplar, oak, hornbeam, elm, alder. Beech and birch, on the 

 other hand, are less vigorous in this respect. Teak stands 

 much pruning of the crown, but less of the root system. 



c. Lonilili/. 



I'nder favourable conditions of soil and climate pruning is 

 less injurious than in the reverse case. On fertile fresh soil 

 a comparatively small root system suffices to fulfil the necessary 

 work of assimilation, and fresh organs are formed in a short 

 time ; on dry poor soil pruning of the roots must be much 

 more restricted. 



il. Mdiiinr of Viuninij. 



In all cases a clean cut should l)e made ; it should be some- 

 what slanting and not at right angles to the branch or root. 

 Where a whole branch is taken off, the cut should be Husli 

 with the stem to insure quick healing by occlusion ; if it is 

 only shortened, the cut should be made just above a strong 

 bud. 



The operation may be performed with a pruning knife, 

 pruning scissors, shears, or a light hatchet ; in the latter case 

 the plant should be placed on a firm support during the 

 operation, so as to injure the remaining wood and bark as 

 little as possible. 



11. Protection of Pldiita in Traitsit. 



During transit plants must be protected against drying u[t 

 and frost, and this refers more particularly to the root system; 

 a few minutes of exposure often suffices to kill the liner roots. 

 The method of protection depends on the kind of plants, the 

 time during which the plants are in transit, the species, and 

 tlie climate to which they are exposed ; the drier the latter, 

 the more carefully must the plants hv. protected. 



