ilS TEN1>IN(; OF WOODS DTRING EAHI.Y YOT'TH. 



species of trees are kept .sufiiciently in check to enalde tlie 

 young tree growth to make its way up through them. If tliis 

 is not the case, and in the cultivation of cleared areas, noxious 

 weeds must be removed wherever they threaten to choke the 

 young plants, until the latter have reached a sufficient height 

 to hold their own. Heather, broom, brambles, climbing plants, 

 l)irch, sallow, etc., may become even more dangerous than 

 ordinar}' grasses and weeds. 



In considering the degree to wliich noxious plants require 

 to be cleared awaj', it must be remembered that in moderation 

 they may act beneficially, by sheltering the very young trees ; 

 hence interference is not called foi- until they actually become 

 noxious. 



r. /iisrr/s (I ml FiiDiji. 



These form standing dangers to woods througliout life, 

 especially where coniferous trees are growMi over extensive 

 areas. The measures whicli should be adopted to protect 

 forests against them are taught in Forest Protection. Several 

 species of both insects and fungi are specially dangerous to 

 young forest plants. It is the duty of the forester to watch 

 carefully his regeneration areas, and to destroy all injurious 

 insects as soon as they appear, so as to prevent the spreading 

 of the evil. In many cases it is necessary to let areas lie 

 fallow for a few years, until insects, which breed in the stools 

 and the refuse of the old wood, have disappeared again. As 

 an illustration JIiflohiKs ahirth. the pine weevil, may be 

 mentioned, which frequently becomes disastrous to young 

 Scotch jiine and spruce woods. In the case of attacks by 

 fungi, the diseased plants should lie removed and destroyed 

 as speedily as possible. 



2. Prcsrrratioii of <i Piojxr Dcnsiti/ oj' tlir C'nq). 



In the majority of cases it occurs that, for one reason or 

 another, some of the plants fail, thus causing smaller or 

 greater blanks. All these must be filled up without loss of 

 time. As long as the young crop is only a few years old. 



