^02 TENDING OF CROWDKl) WOODS AFTKU EARLY YOUTH. 



during the earlier part of life, tliaii in the case of li^^ht 

 demanding species and latei" on in life. 



/'. .\s/ic<l ami Slopi'. 



Aspect ill itself causes only slight differences in the growing 

 space. Southern and western aspects, in the case of heech in 

 the Black Forest, had up to 5 per cent, more trees than 

 northern and eastern aspects. Sloping ground has prohahly 

 the same number of trees as level ground, other conditions 

 being equal. 



//. Siiimnanj. 



It may be said that the average growing space per tree 

 is, apart from age, greater in the case of light demanding 

 species, on good soil, and in low elevation, than under reverse 

 conditions. 



In judging of the desirability and the degree of thinning in 

 any particular wood the forester must take into consideration — 



(1.) The objects of management. 



(2.) The density of the crop. 



(3.) The age of the crop. 



(4.) The species. 



(5.) The character of the locality, its soil, climate, and the 

 special external influences to whicli it is exposed. 



8. TJtc 'riirari/ It/ Thiimimj. 



"Whatever the objects of management may be, the theory of 

 thinning may be summarised in the answers to the following 

 three questions : — 



(1.) At what age of a wood should thinnings commence? 



(2.) To what trees should they extend — in other words, how 

 heavy should the cuttings be? 



(8.) After what intervals should they lie repeated? 



Definite answers to these questions can be given only on 

 the basis of accurate comparative statistics. Tlie collection of 

 such data is now in active progress in Europe, but some time 

 must necessarily elapse before final conclusions can be drawn 



