•■}-5<! NOTKS ON BRITISH FOHKST TREES. 



The l)est plan consists in bedding the seed, as in the cast- of 

 Hsli and hornbeam, sowing it in drills in the spring, as soon 

 as it shows signs of germinating ; the seed should be covered 

 at least to a depth of 5 of an inch, but 1.^ inch is not too much. 

 The cotyledons appear in that case after about two weeks, if 

 the weather is warm. Seed kept over winter and sown in 

 spring germinates after 4 to 6 weeks. The seedlings may be 

 removed into nursery lines when one j'ear old. 



Maple is generally planted out in pits. 



/. Tf'ii(lii}ii. 



Maple, while young, requires some protection against late 

 frosts. 



Maple is browsed by deer, also sometimes peeled, but it 

 is little injured by insects. The seedlings are sometimes 

 destroyed by wireworm. The roots of saplings may be 

 attacked by chafer-grubs, whose imagos may defoliate the 

 tree, as well as the larvfe of Acmnycta aceris. Zeiizera (pucuU 

 will kill young trees. 



Fungi are of little importance. The black spots on the 

 leaves are due to nin/tisnid arcrina. Phjitojihthora onmirora 

 sometimes kills young seedlings. 



Mistletoe is found on maple. 



Pruning should be avoided. 



TJiiiniinfis. — The maple should be given an ample growing 

 space when the height gi'owth begins to fall off. 



8. Common Alder — Abtiis ;iliitinusa (Gcertn.). 

 rf. riilihj. 



The specific gravity of air dried wood is, on an average, = "53. 

 The timber is soft, splits easily, does not last in the open, but well 

 under water, and is used accordingly ; it is also used for clog 

 making, berring barrel staves, for cigar boxes, and cooperage. 

 It yields an inferior fuel, but a charcoal well adapted for the 

 manufacture of gunpowder. For Sclmlze's powder the wood 



