THE POPLAR. 847 



ii. DrsTKiBrnoN. 

 Europe, North Africa, North Asia. Indigenous in Great 

 Britain and Ireland. Ascends to 1,600 feet in Yorkshire ; to 

 4,000 feet in the Tyrol. Found over extensive areas in North- 

 East Europe. 



iii. LdCALiTV. 



Climate. — Hardy against frost and drought. Highly light 

 demanding, likes moist air, subject to be thrown by storms. 



Soil. — Grows almost anywhere, except on very poor dry 

 sand ; moist loamy sand, rich in humus, suits it best. It is 

 generally very accommodating. 



iv. Shape and Devkloi'Mknt. 

 It develops a tall stem with a thin crown, reaching a 

 maximum height of about 110 feet. It is of quick growth and 

 short lived, rarely reaching an age of more than 100 j-ears. 



V. ReI'KODUCTIVE Poweu. 



Great by seed ; sends out numerous root suckers. 



vi. C'HAllACTEK ANU COMPOSITION OF WoODS, SyLVICULTUIIAL SYSTEMS. 



Earely pure. Usually appears in high forest in mixture 

 with other species, also occasionally as standards in coppice. 

 Generally cut out in thinnings, as it becomes ripe in about 50 

 to 60 years, or threatens to injure the more valuable species. 



vii. Formation of Woods, Dangeks, Tending. 



Aspen is generally propagated by root suckers, sometimes 

 by layers ; cuttings strike less well. It springs up readily 

 from seed in open spaces, and in young woods of other species. 

 The young trees are nibbled by deer, also peeled. Subject to 

 much injury by insects. Eequires no special tending. 



Ik White Poplar. 

 Europe, North Africa, North and West Asia, N. W. 

 Himalayas. Indigenous in Great Britain and Ireland. 



