THE HAZEL. 851 



other. The seed of the broad leaved species falls m 

 November, that of the other species later on in winter. 

 It retains its germinating power for two years. Of good 

 seed 50 per cent, should germinate. One pound of seed 

 contains about the following number of seeds : small leaved 

 species = 15,000 ; broad leaved species = 5,000.* The seed 

 germinates either in the first or second spring. If bedded 

 in sand in the autumn and sown in spring it generally 

 sprouts in the same year. It is easy to transplant up to a 

 considerable size. 



/. Temlimi. 



Though lime is somewhat sensitive against late frosts, the 

 damage caused to it in this w'ay is as a rule moderate. Cattle 

 like the leaves. 



There are no other dangers against which the tree requires 

 special protection. Insects and fungi are of little importance. 

 The especial foe to the lime is the buff-tip moth, Pi/gcera 

 hucephala, whose gregarious larvae often strip it bare. Other 

 species, as Liparis dispar (not in Britain) and Bist(»i Jdrtaria, 

 may do the same. The leaves are sometimes destroyed by a 

 mite, Tctraiujrhus telariiis, which, occurring in vast numbers, 

 sucks their juices. The cankerous places on the bark may be 

 due to Nectria ditissima. 



13. Hazel — Conjlus Avellana (L.). 

 a. Utilifij. 



The hazel yields a soft, moderately heavy wood, which, if 

 young, is very tough, but not durable. Specific gravity, air 

 dried = '63. The young wood is used for fascines, withes, cask 

 hoops, walking sticks and other purposes. Older wood is 

 sometimes used by joiners and sieve makers. The charcoal 

 is used for gunpow^der manufacture. The fruits are eaten ; 

 they yield an oil. The leaves are eaten by cattle. 



* According to Hess. 



