;it)S NOTKS ON liJMTISII 1-CtKKST THKKS. 



and twigs. Tlie Siriciihr and Lon^Mcorn beetles live in and 

 destroy tlie wood. 



Fnmji prey upon ScDtcli pine to a very considerable extent. 

 Phi/lopliihoia o/iinironi kills very young seedlings. Young 

 plants and trees up to an age of about 30 years lose tlieir 

 needles after becoming yellow or brown ; the cause of this has 

 not yet been satisfactorily explained, though in many cases a 

 fungus (Ili/stcriiini I'iiiastri) is present, and may occasion the 

 disease, which is termed Schiitte in German. Both Anaricioi 

 iiiellciis and Trametes laduipcrda do much damage. Peridcr- 

 iniuiii pini causes canker by drying up the bark and cambium 

 all round tbe tree, and kills the part above it ; such trees 

 are called "' foxy " in England. ^Vilite rot is produced by 

 'PraiiiitcH pini ; red rot b}' Poliijtonia iap(>r(tiiii>; and mollis ; a 

 bluish-black rot b}' Ceraatoma pilijrnim. 



Pni)ii)ifi of green branches cannot be recommended; dry 

 branches may be removed. Occlusion is slow. 



ThinniiKjH may be commenced between the ages of 15 to "20 

 years, according to circumstances ; they should be light and 

 irequently repeated until middle age. If it is then decided to 

 underplant the Scotch pine, the thinnings must become 

 heavier ; if not, they should continue to be moderate, so as to 

 preserve as complete a cover as practicable. At the same 

 time, trees are constantly dying off from various causes, such 

 as insects and fungi, or they are broken by snow and rime. 

 Such trees must be removed as speedily as possible ; hence 

 dry wood cuttings are more frequent in Scotch pine woods 

 tlian in anv other. 



17. Jjlack oil AusTiUAN I'lNK ^ Pitnis Luiuio (Poir.), var. 

 anstriara. 



ii. nmiij. 



The Austrian pine yields a light soft wood, which is very 

 rich in turpentine, and very durable. Specilic gravity, air 

 diicd, = "5H. It is a good building timbei', and in its natural 



