HISTORY OF SIKHIM AND ITS RULERS. 17 



fell upon Deba-Shamsher-Khiti-Phukpa's daughter. By her the Raja 

 had a son, Tenzing Namgud. 



According to a proclamation dated 1826, Raja Chophoe records 

 that " Karwang was really a slave, though his ujother gave out he 

 was the illegitimate son of the Raja. Karwang became so great that 

 he put Raja Namgye Penchoo entirely aside, and gradually turned 

 out all the old Jongpens and put his own sons in his stead, who began 

 to use red seals and take the law into their own hands. Karwang 

 finally joined the Limbus, and in this way caused the invasion of the 

 Goorkhas." This is undoubtedly an exaggeration, as there exist 

 several deeds stamped by Changzed Karwang, and the colour of the 

 seal has always been black and not the royal red. Further, his son, 

 Chothup, obtained bis sobriquet of Satrajeet from his victories over the 

 Nepalese. 



bsTAN hDSIN rNAM-rGYAL 



(Tenzing Namgu^) was born about 1769, and succeeded his father 

 in 1780 about. 



He married Anyo Gyel}uni, the daughter of Changzed Karwang, 

 by whom he had a son, Choephoe Namgu^, born in 1785. About 

 1767 Deb Judhur rose into power and became Raja of Bhutan, while 

 from 1765 to 1769 Raja Prithi Narayan Singh was making himself 

 master of Nepal. With two such restless powers on either side it 

 was not likely that a buffer State like Sikhim could escape the 

 ravages of war. 



About 1770 the Bhutanese had overrun all Sikhim east of the 

 Tista, while some of their spies or scouts actually got as far as 

 Mangbru below Barphung. The whole country, however, rose, and 

 the Bhutanese, who seemed to have concentrated their main forces 

 above the Ralong Samdong (bridge over the Tista), were utterly 

 defeated and fled across the Tama-la jjrecipice below Mafila; here the 

 Sikhimese had prepared an ambuscade above and spiked the bottom 

 of the precipice below: thus caught, the straggling forces were cut up 

 to a man and perished miserably. 



In 1775-76 Raja Sinha Protapa Sah, son and successor of Raja 

 Prithi Narayan Sah, threatened the invasion of Sikhim; but the 

 Tibetan general, Deba Patza alias Depon tPal-rTsal, was sent to make 

 a diversion, and the Goorkha Raja at that time failed in his attempt. 

 The war, however, was waged with varying success for several years. 

 During this war Changzed Karwang's son, Changzed Chothup, alias 

 Athingpoi, alias Satrajeet, greatly distinguished himself: the various 

 names are those given him by the Tibetans, the Lepchas, and the 

 Goorkhas. Under the first appellation he is known to have negotiated 

 with the Bhutanese (probably after their defeat at Tama-la), and 



