NOMENCLATURE OP PLACES. 45 



Rhenock=Ri-Nag, "the black hill." This is the ordinary- 

 accepted spelling, but it may be a corruption from Ri-s!S'a, the hill 

 ■whose outline is like that of a nose (sNa); there are several places of 

 this name in Tibet, and the same termination is seen in "Lho-na" 

 (Hooker's Thlonok), "the south face." 



Merig, " the burnt hill." 



Gantok, "the high hill." 



Rubdeuchi=Rab-gDaii-ts^, "the height of the chief residence" 

 (palace). 



Barmie=hBar-Nyag, "the rough notch or ridge." hBar may 

 also mean burnt. 



Barphung, "the collection of burnings." 



The following are the names of more than one place: — 



Laghyap=La-rGyap, " the back of the pass," i.e., the first halting 

 place on the other side of the pass. 



Byutan may perhaps mean "the meadow of the cow-yak," a 

 place where calves are usually tethered. 



Sebula:=bSil-bu or gSer-bu-la, "the cold pass;" perhaps it is 

 "Sil-bu-la," a "fragment," a side pass, which exactly describes one 

 or two of the passes called "Sebula." It may again be Ser-bu-la, 

 "the pass of hail," or Serpala, "the yellow pass." 



Chak-chu^Tsha-chhu, " a hot spring." 



Samdong=Zam-gDong, "the bridge-face" (or head), i.e., the 

 place facing a bridge. 



Of Pahariya or Nepalese the most striking is Chiabhangan, "the 

 hollow where one peeps over," referring to the main pass between 

 Sikhim and Nepal. Bhangan or Bunjang means a hollow or depres- 

 sion in the ridge of a mountain chain, so is equivalent to the Tibetan 

 "la;" thus we have at the head of the Little Rungect the pass or 

 dip of Mani-bhangan (mani=tomb or monument), so called from the 

 monument there. 



A Pahariya evidently in good faith explained that the Tista was 

 so called because it was the boundary of Tibet, i.e., " Tibetstan." 



As mentioned above, Sundukphoo may be a word of Limbu 

 origin. 



