246 HISTORY OF LAMAISM. 



The distinctive features of the Kargyupa sect are that they 

 inhabit caves and profess meditation and the follow- 

 Its peculiarities. i^g doctrines :— 



(a) Their guardian deity is " The Lord of the Black Cloak." ^ 



(b) Their tutelary deity is Demchhok^ (Skt. Sambhara), or 



" Chief of Happiness." 



(c) Their mode of meditation or system of mystical insight 



is Chhag-clilicn^ or in Sanskrit Mahamudra ; and their 

 highest teacher is the mythical Dorje-Chhang* (Skt. 

 Bajra-dhara), or " the holder of the Dorje." 

 {d) Their hat is called gom-sha pii Jchyii, or "the meditation 

 hat with the crossed knees." 



The diagram of Kar-gyupa sects (Plate II) shows the relation of the 

 sub-sects to the parent sect. The Kar-ma-pa adopted 

 ar-ma-pa. ^^^ Nylngmapa ter-ma of Las-Aprod-ling-pa. 

 The Dl-kung-pa take their title from the Dikung Monastery found- 

 ed by Rinchhen-phiin-tshog about the middle of the 

 ung-jia. \-2i\i, century. Their Nyingmapa ter-ma is Padma 

 ling-pa. 



The Ta-lung-fa issued from the Dikungpa and take their title 



Tk T I n ■ a ^0™ the Talung Monastery founded by Ngag- 



dbang-chhos-gyalpo in 1179. They differ from 



their parent Dl-kung-pa in admitting also the ter-ma work adopted by 



the Kar-ma-pa. 



The Duk-pa are of three forms. The oldest is the Tipper Duk-pa, 

 Th Bttk a which Originated by /iGro-?«gon-rtsang-pa-rgyal-ras 



(The patron of Animals, The Victory-clad Tsang- 

 po) or sPrul sku-rfbung-isam-wang-po of the Ralung Monastery in 

 Gnam province of Tibet about the middle of the 12th century. To 

 emphasize the change the monastery was called Duk-'Rahxn^, and a 

 legend of the thunder-dragon Duk is related in connection therewith. 

 It adopted the same ter-ma as the Dikungpa, but there seems some 

 other distinctive tenet which I have not yet elicited. The 3£iddle 

 Diik-pa and the Lower Duk-pa arose very soon after. 



The Middle Duk-pa took the tcrma book of Sangyas-ling-pa. This 

 is the form of Kar-gyu-pa which now prevails in Bhutan under the 

 name of Duk-pa or Southern Duk-pa. Its chief liima is Zhab-drung 

 Ngag-Jbang-nam-gyal, a pupil of " Kun-mkhyen padma (7kar-po" or 

 " The Omniscient White Lotus," who, in the 17th century A.D., settled 

 at " /chags rit rta ?Hgo " in Bhutan, and soon displaced the Karthok-pa 

 and other forms of Nyingmapa Lamaism then existing in that country, 



' Tragon-po bar-nak. I ^ phyag-rgya-chhew-pa. 



- Jde-mclihog. i ♦ ri.o-rje liclihang. 



