250 HISTORY OF LAMAISM. 



rests in front of the left shoulder. The right hand is in a teaching 

 . . attitude. He is believed to be the incarnation of 



IS incarna ion. ^j^^ great Indian teacher Bhima Mitra. 



Development of Lamaism in Sikhim, subsequent to the epoch op 



Lhatsun Chhembo, 



The religions ousted by Lamaism were the Pon (Bon), usually 

 . identified with Taouism, and the earlier demon and 



s pecu lari les. f^iry worship of the Lepchas, which can scarcely 

 be called a religion. Numerous traces of both of these primitive 

 faiths are to be found embodied in Sikhim Liimaism, which owes any 

 special features it possesses to the preponderance of these two ele- 

 ments. Only two sects of lamas exist in Sikhim, viz., the Nyingmapa 

 and the Kargyupa as reiDresented by the Karmapa. 

 There are no Duk-pa monasteries in Sikhim, nor 

 does there seem ever to have been any. 



The Nyingma-pa. 



The Nyingma-pa^ or " the old school " represents the primitive and 

 . unreformed style of Lamaism. It is more largely 



e yingma-pa. tinged with the indigenous pre-Buddhist religious 

 practices ; and celibacy and abstinence are rarely practised. 



In Sikhim there are three sub-sects of Nyingma-pa, viz. — (1) the 



Lhatsun-pa^ to which belong most of the monasteries 



SiSim "'^■'^'*' '° with Pemiongchi at the head ; (2) the KartoJc-pa with 



the monasteries of Kartok and Doling; and (3) the 



Nga dak-pa with the monasteries of Namchi, Tashiding, Sinon, and 



Thang-mochhe. 



The Ter-ma of the Lhatsiin-pa is the same as was adopted by the 

 T, , ■■ Karmapa, viz., the work Le-tho Linq-pa discovered 



[i.e., composed) by Ja-fsnon-pa in Kongbu. But the 

 Pemiongchi liimas also follow the 3Imlolling monastery in giving pre- 

 eminence to the ter-ma work of Dag-ling-pa as a form of ritual. 



The Kartok-pa,^ taking their name from the title of their founder 

 K tok a lama Kah-tok, i.e., "The Understander of the 



Precepts," give pre-eminence to the terton work 

 Long-chhen rah clmng? It has been suggested by Mr. Paul that 

 Darjeeling, properly Dorjeling, may owe its name to the terton Dorje- 

 lingpa. who visited the Kartok-pa Do-ling (properly Dorjeling) 

 monastery in Sikhim, of which the old Darjeeling monastery was a 

 branch. 



' ynjing-ma-pa. | " 6kah-rtog-pa. j ' ng-hasin rgod Zdem. 



