IMAGES. 265 



monks and novices. At the further end of the right-hand cushion 



on a throne about 2^ feet high sits the Dorje L6-p'6n^ the sijiritual 



head of the monastery. Immediately below him, on a cushion about 



one foot high, is his assistant who plays the si-nyen cymbals. Facing 



the Dorje L6-pon, and seated on a similar throne at the further end 



of the left-hand cushion, is the Um-dse^ or chief chorister and 



„ ^ , „ celebrant and the temporal head of the monastery ; 



Seats of otBcers. ii^i i- i- i, n.i-i 



and below nun, on a cushion about one foot high, 



is the ilchhung-pa or Deputy Um-ds^, who plays the large tshd-rol or 

 assembly cymbals^ at the command of the Um-dse, and officiates in the 

 absence of the latter. At the door-end of the cusliion on the right-hand 

 side is a seat about one foot high for the Chho tim pa,'^ a sort of provost- 

 marshal who enforces discipline, and on the pillar behind his seat 

 hangs his bamboo rod for corporal chastisement. During the entry 

 and exit of the congregation he stands by the right side of the door. 

 Facing him at the end of the left-hand cushion, but merely seated 

 on a mat, is the Chhub-dttpa or water-giver, who offers water to the 

 monks and novices, for washing their hands and lips after each round 

 of soup. To the left of the door is a table on which is set the tea 

 and soup served out by the unjoassed boy-probationers during the 

 intervals of worship. 



At the spot marked " 13 " on plan is placed the lay figure of the 

 corpse whose spirit is to be withdrawn by the Dorje Lo-pon. At the 

 point marked " 12 " is set the throne of the king or of the Labrang 

 incarnate lama — the Kijab-gon or protector of religion — when either of 

 them chances to visit the temple. 



On each pillar is hung a small silk banner with five flaps, usually 

 in vertical series of threes called phen,^ and on 

 each side of the altar is a large one of circular 

 form called chephur.^ 



In some of the larger temples are side-chapels for the special 



g., , J shrine of Dorje-phagmo or other favourite divinity. 



The shrines of the deities and demons to whom 

 flesh is offered are usually located in a detached building. 



Upstairs are the images of secondary importance, and here among 



the frescoes covering the walls are usually found 



pper a . ^j^^ Goti-pos, or demoniacal protectors of Lamaism. 



These latter are of ferocious aspect, enveloj^ed in flames and wielding 



various weapons. They are clothed in human and tiger skins, and 



adorned with snakes and human skulls and bones. Chief amono- 



' rdo-rje slob-(ipon. 

 ' rf6u-mdsad. 

 ^ tshogs-rol. 



* chhos khrimi'-pa. 

 ' hphan. 



* phye-phur. 



