272 THE TEMPLE. 



months and gullets. And when any food is taken it is transformed 

 to sharp knives and saws, which lacerate the bowels and come out 

 externally, making large painful wounds. Others have fires constantly 

 burning in their mouths. 



VI. The Hells. — The atmospliere of the hells is black. Only eight 

 hells are mentioned in the older Buddhist works, but the lamas describe 

 and figure eight cold and eight hot hells, and give two extra hells 

 named inji-tshcwa, which includes the state of being flies and insects 

 in the human world, and n)je-khonva, a milder hell filled with fiery 

 ashes and rubbish and bodies in which those escaping from hell must 

 dwell for a further period. 



In the upper portion of this region is figured the King and Judge 

 of the dead in the act of trying the spirits of the dead, with the good 

 recording angel on his right hand, counting out the good deeds by 

 white pebbles from his purse, and the incarnation of evil on his left 

 hand displaying before the Judge the bad deeds 'as a pile of black 

 pebbles. In front is the scale-holder, who weighs the good as against 

 the bad deeds. 



Those who have sinned in anger are sent to the hot hell, while 

 those who have sinned through stupidity go to the cold hell, and each 

 receives some appropriate punishment for misdeeds during life. To 

 show the superiority of the lamas to such tribunals, several are intro- 

 duced walking serenely through the hells twirling their prayer wheels. 



The hot hells are to the left (of spectator) and the cold to the right. 



I, The hot hells — 



1. Yang-S'6 (Skt. Samjiva)= "again revived." Here the bodies 



are torn to pieces and then revived only to have the 

 process repeated ad lihitum. 



2. Thi-mrj (Skt. Edlasutra) = "black lines." Here the bodies 



are nailed down and 8 or 16 black lines marked 

 along body, which is then sawn in sections along these 

 lines by a burning hot saw. Another punishment 

 here is the especial one of the slanderer or gossiper, 

 who has his or her tongue enlarged and pegged out and 

 constantly harrowed by spikes ploughing through it. 



3. Dtc-j om {8kt. »S'aw?^/ia!'a) = " concentrated oppression." Here 



bodies are squeezed between animal-headed mountains 

 or monster iron books (this is an especial punishment 

 for monks, laymen, and infidels who have disregarded 

 or profaned the scriptures). Others here are pounded 

 in iron mortars. 



4. NffU-bod (Skt. Rauraoa) = "weeping and screaming." The 



torture here is to be kept in glowing white iron 

 houses and have melted iron pom-ed down the throat. 



