PHTSIO. t3 



be tilevated. The soft palate (e, fig. 2) then closes the nostrils, (e, fig. 1 ;) 

 and also in its course to take this position sets in motion the cartilages 

 of the larynx. The last cover over and effectually protecting the wind- 

 pipe, (c, fig. 1,) the fluid is forced onward by the contraction of the tongue, 

 passes into a secure chamber, the roof and floor of which are but of tem- 

 porary formation, (a, fig. 1.) Here it remains only during the inactivity 

 of the larynx. The upward motion of the latter body (c, fig. 2) propels 

 the fluid into the pharynx, whence involuntary contractility sends it into 

 the gullet, the muscular action of which tube conveys it onward to the 

 stomach, (a b h, fig. 2.) 



From the foregoing explanation, the reader is in a position to judge 

 whether the nasal chamber is a fit passage for acrimonious mixtures, 

 since he now understands the evident pains the All-wise has bestowed 

 to prevent the temperate fluid, of which the animal customarily partakes, 

 from intruding upon the elaborate, delicate, and highly sensitive mem- 

 brane that lines the air-passages. All veterinary students are not edu- 

 cated men, neither are all attentive to their studies while at college ; but 

 it should require an extraordinary amount of ignorance and conceit to 

 thus grossly misconceive the intentions which are so plainly impressed 

 upon the body of the quadruped. 



The author, however, doubts if those objections generally advanced 

 to drinks are in any degree derived from the results of actual experience. 

 Balls can be manufactured by the score, and then stored away for subse- 

 quent use. Drinks would decompose if thus mixed and kept ready in 

 the surgery. Drinks must be separately compounded, as required. Balls 

 occupy little space, and being solid can be safely carried or forwarded to 

 any distance. Drinks being contained in bottles, are less convenient for 

 transport, and the vessels are liable to fracture. Balls, moreover, are to 

 be quickly thrust down an animal's throat; require no assistance for 

 their administration; and being wrapped in paper are not exposed to 

 inquisitive discussion as to their ingredients. Drinks being inclosed in 

 glass, protected only by a cork, are open to investigation, and likely to 

 provoke remarks which are not always soothing to the pride of a pre- 

 tender ; liquids likewise necessitate more time should be devoted to their 

 exhibition, and generally require the assistance which is not invariably 

 at hand to aid the veterinary surgeon. 



The above reasons and objections are not without influence upon 

 practitioners, whose earnings are greatly dependent upon the speed of 

 their movements; who generally give the medicines to those animals 

 they treat, and habitually carry with them, ready compounded, the drugs 

 which they administer. Drinks, moreover, demand several bulky articles 

 for their proper administration, and are apt to soil the person who de- 



