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CHAPTER 11. 



THE ROTATION. 



By rotation is understood that period of years, which elapses 

 between the formation of a w'ood and the time, when it is 

 finally cut over and regenerated. 



The end of this period, that is to say, the age of the wood 

 when cut over, is called the " final age." If it coincides with 

 that, which is considered the one best suited to the system of 

 management, it is called the normal final age ; if a wood has, 

 for one reason or another, to be cut over at a difl'erent age, 

 the latter is called an abnormal final age. 



The determination of the rotation is one of the most 

 important measures in forest management. At the same time, 

 the rotation depends entirely on the various objects of manage- 

 ment; hence, it difters with every change of conditions. In 

 economic forestry the following deserve to be distinguished : — 



(1.) The financial rotation. 



(2.) The rotation of the highest income. 



(3.) The rotation of the greatest volume production. 



(4.) The technical rotation. 



(5.) The physical rotation. 



Any one of these may be indicated by the objects of 

 management, and it is necessary to explain them in some 

 detail. 



1. TJie Financial Rotation. 



a. ('((In/h/fion of flic Finaneiat Unlation. 



By the financial rotation is understood that, under which 

 a forest yields, if calculated with a given per cent, and 



