THE LOCALITY. 251 



In describing the climate and soil, the following points 

 deserve attention : — 



a. i'Umate. 



(1.) The geographical position of the locality, as indicated 

 by latitude and in many cases also longitude, espe- 

 cially where the vicinity of the sea, large lakes, or high 

 mountains are likely to influence the climate. 



(2.) The local peculiarities of the locality, such as altitude, 

 aspect, slope, temperature, moisture in the air, rainfall, 

 exposure to strong, cold, or dry winds, susceptibility to 

 late or early frosts, etc. 



(3.) The surroundings of the locality, in so far as they are 

 likely to affect the local climate. 



h. Soil. 



(1.) The underlying rock. 



(2.) The mineral composition of the soil. 



(3.) The organic admixtures of the soil. 



(4.) The depth of the soil. 



(5.) The degree of porosity. 



(6.) The degree of moisture. 



(7.) The surface covering of the soil. 



In forests situated on level ground, the above data may be 

 the same over a considerable portion or the whole of the area, 

 but in the hills they have frequently to be determined for each 

 compartment, or even portions of one compartment, especially 

 if it shows considerable differences of altitude, aspect, or slope. 



All these factors combined produce a certain quality or 

 yield capacity of the locality. How this is determined has 

 been explained in Volume 11. , page 45, and in Forest 

 Mensuration. Some further remarks on the subject will be 

 found in the last part of this section. 



2. Tlic Groiviiui StocI,-. 



The growing wood, or the crop produced on an area, repre- 

 sents the results of the activity of the locality under a certain 



