PRACTICAL BOOK OF GARDEN ARCHITECTURE 



and vegetation, in connection with various archi- 

 tectural accessories in the form of indispensable lan- 

 terns, bridges, and stepping stones ; while in the more 

 elaborate gardens are introduced pagodas, water 

 basins, tea houses, boundary fences, or hedges of 

 bamboo, and fancifully roofed gateways. 



The careful distribution of garden vegetation is 

 considered quite as important as the arrangement of 

 the principal rocks and stones and the contours of 

 land and water. The eastern travellers who have 

 taken cognizance only of the grounds of the larger 

 temples of Japan will probably fail to realize the 

 significance of tree grouping in regulation landscape 

 gardening. In the temple gardens, groves and ave- 

 nues of trees are frequently planted in rows, with 

 the same formality adopted in western gardens, 

 while in the true landscape gardens such formal 

 arrangements are never resorted to. Not only are 

 the trees arranged in open and irregular groups, in- 

 stead of being planted in rows when several are 

 planted together but the rules for planting these 

 clumps or groups are rigidly determined. To the 

 uninitiated it is difficult to understand just why these 

 tree clumps must be disposed in double, triple or 

 quadruple combinations, while these combinations 

 may again be regrouped according to recognized 

 rules based upon contrasts of form, line and color of 



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