ESPALIER WALLS AND TRELLISES 



to the various architectural devices on which the 

 trees are trained. In the early European gardens, 

 an espalier meant simply the tree itself, spread out 

 on a trellis ; while the trees spread out on a wall were 

 known as fan shapes or palm shapes; and those 

 trained to form a single stem, without side branches, 

 and fastened to stakes or walls, were known as 

 cordons. 



Espaliers, fan shapes and cordons are still given 

 their separate designations, but they are now com- 

 monly known collectively as "garden espaliers." 

 The varied methods of training them, and the decora- 

 tive use to which each form is put, constantly increa.se 

 their possibilities in decorative value for both large 

 and small gardens. 



At ' l Thorn Hedge, ' ' near Newtown Square, Penn- 

 sylvania, there is one of the finest collections of orna- 

 mental espalier forms to be found in this country. 

 There are curious wire frames of vase-like forms. 

 There are quaint wire trellises outlining garden 

 walks. There are numerous frame trellises both in 

 upright and lattice form built to give privacy for ser- 

 vice yards, and seclusion tocosy garden sitting rooms. 

 The fact that all forms of espaliers bear model little 

 specimens of dwarfed and quaintly trained trees and 

 bushes appears of secondary consideration when 

 one notes the extremely decorative features which 



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