ESPALIER WALLS AND TRELLISES 



are trained up on all sides of the vase form, and 

 are pruned off evenly at the top. 



Espaliers in various forms are frequently trained 

 against the sunny side of the house or garden build- 

 ing. The effect is always more pleasing, from an 

 ornamental stand-point, when the dwarfed trees are 

 trained on garden walls and trellises. In the for- 

 mation of the trellis, special care must he taken to 

 have it set firmly in the ground, and held securely 

 upright. The most unique and interesting espalier 

 will be quickly spoiled, as a decorative feature, if 

 the support has an uncertain and " wabbly " appear- 

 ance. Firm iron supports, kept well painted to avoid 

 rusting, are desirable where a thick growth is to be 

 held in place. With the standards about six feet 

 high, and the wires from nine to twelve inches apart, 

 the best results are secured. With the end standards 

 made of angle iron, with self -fixing bases, there will 

 be little difficulty in keeping the row of espaliers 

 shapely. Then, after firmly securing the end stand- 

 ards, there should be placed at intervals of about two 

 feet, intermediate standards with pronged or anchor 

 feet; and straightening posts may also be needed 

 to keep the whole steady. The wooden trellises and 

 lattice work, in square or diamond patterns, should 

 have stout posts set firmly in the ground at intervals 

 of eight or ten feet. 



