CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. INTRODUCTORY PLANTS IN NATURE 1 



II. GENERAL STRUCTURE AND WORK OF PLANTS .... 5 



III. ROOTS , . . . 24 



IV. THE STEM AND THE LEAF 39 



V. UNDERGROUND STEMS; STORAGE IN STEMS AND LEAVES; 



REPRODUCTION 72 



VI. BUDS AND BRANCHES 90 



VII. FLOWERS 104 



VIII. POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION 115 



IX. SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS; SEED DISTRIBUTION .... 136 



X. THE GREAT GROUPS OF PLANTS 156 



XL THE BACTERIA (SCHIZOMYCETES) 161 



XII. THE BLUE-GREEN ALG^E (CYANOPHYCE*:) 180 



XIII. THE GREEN ALG^E (CHLOROPHYCE*:) AND OTHER ALG^C 188 



XIV. THE ALG^-FUNGI (PHYCOMYCETES) 213 



XV. THE SAC FUNGI (ASCOMYCETES) ; THE LICHENS; THE 



BASIDIUM FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCETES) 226 



XVI. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS (BRYOPHYTES) 257 



XVII. THE PTERIDOPHYTES 274 



XVIII. GYMNOSPERMS 299 



XIX. ANGIOSPERMS 321 



XX. SOME LEADING FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND 



v THEIR USES 335 



XXI. FURTHER DISCUSSION OF DEPENDENT PLANTS . . . 371 



XXII. TIMBER: FORESTRY 390 



XXIII. PLANT BREEDING . . ... . 412 



XXIV. FURTHER DISCUSSION OF PLANT INDUSTRIES .... 434 

 XXV. WEEDS 465 



XXVI. ECOLOGICAL GROUPS ; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF 



PLANTS 477 



APPENDIX 515 



GLOSSARY 520 



533 



vii 



