GRAFTING, BUDDING, AND STOCKS. 97 



the completing processes of conversion into the various 

 required commodities. A useful pulping and straining 

 machine, shown in Fig. 22, is used for extracting pips, 

 stalks, stones, etc., from plums, currants, strawberries, 

 raspberries, apples, and other fruits; and also a useful 

 press for extracting the juice, Fig. 23. 



A few contrivances of this kind would enable growers 

 to make the most of their produce and prevent the waste 

 of any. 



CHAPTER XL 

 GRAFTING, BUDDING, AND STOCKS. 



!Mo>T fruit-growers purchase their trees already worked 

 from nurserymen, who of course devote their whole time 

 to the work, and systematically raise the trees for the 

 different purposes required, and the constant oversight 

 required can be better given in the regular routine of a 

 nursery than by private growers. Also, most growers 

 cannot wait the time required to produce the trees of a 

 planting size. 



But in some cases growers may prefer to raise some of 

 their own trees, and I will now describe the various 

 operations in doing so. 



Apples, pears, plums, and cherries are raised either by 

 grafting or budding. There has, however, lately sprung 

 up a controversy respecting the system of propagating by 

 grafting, and the practice has been severely condemned ; 

 but there is no other means of propagation with which I 

 am acquainted that answers the requirements. It is true 

 that some apples can be raised from cuttings, but it is a 

 slow process) and a poor stunted appearance such bushes 



H 



