36 THE APPLE BORER. 



CHAPTER XL 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE. 



THE ROUND-HEADED BORER FLAT-HEADED BORER WOOLLY 



LOUSE OYSTER-SHELL HARK LOUSE TENT CATERPILLAR 



CANKER WORM APHIS CODLIX MOTH MAGGOT CURCULIO. 



THE ROUND-HEADED APPLE-BORER (Saperda bivittata) (Harris). 

 This is one of the most injurious insects to the Apple tree. 

 The perfect insect, Fig. 31, a, is a beetle about three-fourths of 

 an inch long*, with three light-brown and two creamy- white stripes 

 upon its wing covers. It tries in the night, 

 laying its eggs upon the trunk in crevuvs 

 of the bark, near the ground, in June and 

 July. The eggs hatch, and the young 

 larvae penetrate the bark, feeding upon the 

 sap wood for nearly two years; often eating 

 a space from one to two inches in diameter, 

 Fi '^ :j1 '''- and in young trees sometimes nearly gird- 



ling them. Its chips are packed behind it, except a fe\v during 

 its early stages of working, when, by careful examination of the 



tree, its presence may be discovered. After t 



the second year it generally penetrates the 



heart-wood, sometimes going through young 



trees ; or, in larger ones, making a turn and 



coming near the bark, where it under;, 



its changes (Fig. 31, b, shows the chrysalis 



and comes out the perfect beetle (Fig. 31, 



c. ) the third year, leaving a clean hole about i^ g . -i. /,. 



three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. 



It may be d'si-overed in the tree by the tine 

 chips it exudes while very young, and by the 

 liark over the injured part turning dark- 

 brown, and sometimes cracking. 



Remedy. The only sure remedy is to ex- 

 amine the trees carefully once or twice each 

 season, and dig out the borer with a strong, 

 pointed knife. 



THE FLAT-HEADED APPLE-BORER (Chrysobothris femorata). 

 Th'is beetle is much smaller than the last, and moves in the day 



