ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Fig. 1. Apple root cut for grafting, - ... Page 6 



2. Scion cut for grafting, .---.,---- 



3. Completed root graft, 6 



4. Dibble, - 



5. Tamper, 



6. Budding knife, 



7. Bud stick, 



8. Stock showing the T cut, 



9. Bud cut ready for insertion, 



10. Bud inserted, 



11. Bud inserted and tied, 



12. Planting board, 



13. Tree with lateral branches starting out at one point, - - 15 

 13. Tree with lateral branches well distributed, .... 



15. A perfectly forme* apple tree, 



16. An imperfectly formed apple tree, 



17. Pruning saw, *| 



18. Pruning hook, 21 



19. Grafting hook, - - 



20. Stock split with wedge of grafting hook, 



21. Scion prepared for insertion into the cleft, 



22. Section of scion, 



23. Diagram of completed graft, 



24. Completed graft in perspective, 



25. The bag apple-picker, 



26. The wire apple-picker, 



27. The pointed ladder, 



28. The extension ladder, 



29. The storing boxes, 



30. The lever press, 



31 a. Larvae of round-headed apple borer, 



31 b. Chrysalis 



31 c. Perfect beetle," 



32 a. JLarvae of flat-headed apple borer, 



32 b. Chrysalis " " " 



32 c. Head of larva? " " 



32 (L Perfect beetle " 



33. Stages of developement of the wooly aphis, - - - 37 



34. Scale bark louse on apple branch, 



. 35. Male moth of tent caterpillar, - - - 



36. Female " 



37 ab Larvae of tent caterpillar, with web - 



37 c. Eggs 



37J. Cocoon " " " 



38 a. Male canker worm, 



38 . Female canker worm. 



39. Apple aphis, male and female (mag.) ..-,.- 



40. Codlin moth, in various staucs. 



4^ a. Channel made by larvse of codlin moth, 

 40 b. Entrance of larva which escaped at , top. 

 411 (I. Chrysalis or codlin moth, 



40 e. Larva of codlin moth, - 41 



40 f. Moth with its wings closed, 41 



40 </. Moth with its wings spread, 41 



40 'It. Head of larva, - 41 



40 /. Cocoon, 



4H>. Apple maggot, perfect, insect (magnified), 



41 a. Apple maggot larva (magnified), 



42 a. Plum weevil or curculio (magnified), 



42 d. Plum weevil, natural size, attacking the fruit, ... 42 



42 c. Plum weevil larva (magnified), 42 



42 <:/. Plum weevil larva, natural size on fruit, 



43. Properly formed peach tree, 52 



44. Improperly formed peach tree, showing signs of the yellows, - 52 



45. Male peach borer, ----------- 55 



46. Female peach borer, 5& 



47. Larva of peach borer, - 55 



48. Trunk of peach tree showing work of peach borer, - 56 



49. Plum weevil or curculio, various stages, 



50. Curculio screen or frame, 



51. Bush form of the quince tree, - ------- 



52. Tree form of the quince tree, 64 



53. Long cutting of grape vine, 



54. Short " " 70 



55. Layer " " 70 



56. One stake support for grape vine, ..... 73 



57- Two " " " 73 



58. Trellis, on left spur system, - 74 



58. Trellis on right spur and cane system, - 74 



