ENDIVE EVERGREENS 99 



frame, where sash or cloth may be used to cover them in 

 freezing weather. The leaves, which constitute practically 

 the whole plant, are blanched before being used, either by 

 tying together with some soft material or by standing boards 

 on each side of the row, allowing the top of the boards to 

 meet over the center of the row. The rows should be \% 

 or 2 feet apart, the plants 1 foot apart in the rows. One 

 ounce of seed will sow 150 feet of drill. 



Eschscholtzia. See California Poppy. 



Eutoca. Hardy early -flowering annuals hav- 

 ing pink or blue flowers, good for masses. Sow seed early 

 where wanted. Height 1 foot. Eutocas are properly classed 

 with Phacelias. 



Evergreens. Evergreens are plants which hold 

 their foliage in winter. Ordinarily, however, in this country 

 the word Evergreen is understood to mean coniferous 

 trees with persistent leaves, as pines, spruces, firs, cedars, 

 junipers, arborvitae, retinosporas, and the like. These trees 

 have always been favorites with plant lovers, as they have 

 very distinctive forms and other characteristics. Many of 

 them are of the easiest culture. It is a common notion that, 

 since spruces and other conifers grow so symmetrically, 

 they will not stand pruning ; but this is an error. They 

 may be pruned with as good effect as other trees, and if 

 they tend to grow too tall the leader may be cut out with- 

 out fear. A new leader will arise, but in the meantime the 

 upward growth of the tree will be somewhat checked, and 

 the effect will be to make the tree dense. The tips of 

 the branches may also be headed in with the same effect. The 

 beauty of an Evergreen lies in its natural form ; therefore, 

 it should not be sheared into unusual shapes, but a gentle 

 trimming back, as suggested, will tend to prevent the Nor- 

 way spruce and others from growing open and ragged. 

 After the tree attains some age, 4 or 5 inches may be taken 

 off the ends of the main branches every year or two with 



