FROST FUNGI 109 



the night, when the frost is expected. The smudge should 

 be kept up until sunrise. It is well to have these piles of 

 smudge material on all sides of the area ; or if the area is on 

 a slope, it may be sufficient to have them on the upper 

 side, for there is usually a movement of air down the hill- 

 side and the area will thereby be covered with the smudge. 

 For a thorough protection, it is best to have many small 

 piles rather than a few large ones. If the piles are placed 

 every ten feet around the areas, better results are to be ex- 

 pected. There are especially prepared tar- like materials 

 for use in smudging plantations, but they are little used in 

 this country, although some of them are excellent. 



Fuchsia. Well-known window or greenhouse 

 shrub. It is readily grown from cuttings. Soft, green wood 

 should be used for cuttings, and it will root in about three 

 weeks, when the cuttings should be potted. Take care not 

 to have them pot-bound while in growth, but do not 

 over- pot when bloom is wanted. Given warmth and good 

 soil, they will make fine plants in 

 three months or less. In well pro- 

 tected, partially shady places they 

 may be planted out, growing into 

 miniature bushes by fall. Plants may 

 be kept on from year to year; and 

 if the branches are well cut back after 

 blooming, abundant new bloom will 

 come. But it is usually best to make 

 new plants each year from cuttings, 



since young plants usually bloom most profusely and de- 

 mand less care. Fuchsias are amongst the best of window 

 subjects. 



Fumigation is mentioned under Insects. 



Fungi. Flowerless, leafless plants, living mostly 

 on food (either living or dead) which has been prepared by 

 other plants or by animals. Molds, mushrooms and puff- 



