GOOSEBERRY GRAFTING 115 



4 feet apart; rows 5 to 7 feet apart. Select a rich, rather 

 moist soil. The tops need no winter protection. If mil- 

 dew and worms are to be kept in check, spraying must 

 be begun with the very first sign of trouble and be thor- 

 oughly done. 



Gourds are valuable as rapid -growing screen 

 vines, the curious fruits of many varieties adding much to 

 their attractiveness. Cultivation the same as for melons or 

 squashes. Height 10 to 15 feet. Provide a chicken-wire 

 trellis; or let them run on a brush pile. 



Grafting. Grafting is the operation of insert- 

 ing a piece of a plant into another plant with the intention 

 that it shall grow. It differs from the making of cuttings 

 in the fact that the severed part grows in another plant 

 rather than in the soil. There are two general kinds of 

 Grafting one of which inserts a piece of branch in the 

 stock (Grafting proper), and one which inserts only a bud 

 with little or no wood attached (budding). In both cases 

 the success of the operation depends upon the growing 

 together of the cambium of the cion (or cutting) and that of 

 the stock. The cambium is the new and growing tissue 

 which lies underneath the bark and on the outside of the 

 growing wood. Therefore, the line of demarcation between 

 the bark and the wood should coincide when the cion and 

 stock are joined. The plant upon which the severed piece is 

 set is called the stock. The part which is removed and set 

 into the stock is called a cion if it is a piece of a branch, or 

 a bud if it is only a single bud with a bit of tissue attached. 

 The greater part of Grafting and budding is done when the 

 cion or bud is nearly or quite dormant. That is, Grafting 

 is usually done late in winter and early in spring, and bud- 

 ding may be done then, or late in summer, when the buds 

 have nearly or quite matured. 



The prime object of Grafting is to perpetuate a kind of 

 plant which will not reproduce itself from seed or of which 

 seed is very difficult to obtain. Cions or buds are therefore 



