Mathematics. 3 6 1 



Morgan, and Maseres, of Great-i3ntain; byDs- 

 PARCiEUx, of France; and by many others, in 

 various parts of Europe. 



About tiie middle of the century under review, 

 and for some years afterwards, flourished the cele- 

 brated Eltler, a native of Switzerland, and one 

 of the greatest mathematicians, and most excellent 

 men ot the age in which he lived. He invented 

 the calculation by Sines ; he carried to new de- 

 grees of perfection the Intcgrat Caladus; he did 

 much to elucidate the theory of the more remarka- 

 ble Cz/rr^^; he contributed greatly to simplify and 

 extend the whole system o^ Analijtkal operations; 

 and may be said to have thrown new light upon 

 almost every part of mathematical science." 



Besides those branches of mathematics which 

 are entirely the growth of the last age, almost 

 every part of this science has been extended and 

 improved within the same period. Of a few of 

 these some transient notice will be attempted. 



Since New"ton published an account of his cele- 

 brated method of Fiuxions, this curious part of 

 mathematical science has received new jight, and 

 been carried to new degrees of extent, simplicity 



n Leonard Euler was born at Basil, in 1707, and died in 1783, in 

 the 76th year of his age. The mathematical genius and erudition of this 

 man were truly wonderful. No individual of the eighteenth century can 

 be compared to him for the number and value of the discoveries which he 

 made in this branch of science, and for the improvements of which he was 

 the author. His publications are numerous; and there is scarcely a depart- 

 ment of mathematics on which he has not thrown some new light, or to which 

 he has not made son.e important additions. On every subject which he 

 undertook to investigate, he di'^played a vigour, a penetration, and a com- 

 prehensiveness of mind, v^rhich entitle him to a place in the first rank of 

 philosophers. Euler was not less distinguitihed for the excellence of his 

 moral and religious than for the greatness of his intellectual character. 

 To singular probity, and great social amiablencss, he added the piety of an 

 eminent christian. He was a warm and active friend to religion, fervent 

 in his devotions, and exemplary in his attention to all pub-lie and private 

 duties. If ever he felt indignation against any particular class of men, it 

 was against the enemies of Christianity, especially against tlic apostles of in- 

 fidcUty. He published a valuable work in defence of rcvchtio::, at Berlin, 

 in 1747. 



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