.$20 Nations lately become Liter a?y. 



venteenth century; but in the eighteenth the num- 

 ber of this class of philosophers astonishingly in- 

 creased in every part of the empire. The names 

 of Leibnitz, Wolf, Kastner, Lambert, Mayer, 

 Van Zach, Herschel, Boze, Winckler, Ludolf, 

 Richter,Woltman,VonHumboldt,Schroeter, 

 and Burckhardt, are only a small portion of 

 those whose fame has filled the scientific world, 

 as the authors of important discoveries and im- 

 provements in philosophy. 



In Natural History the Germans made wonder- 

 ful progress in the course of the last age. The 

 amount of what they accomplished in this branch 

 of science during the seventeenth century was 

 comparatively small. Soon after the commence- 

 ment of the eighteenth century better prospects 

 opened, and since that time have been very honour- 

 ably realized. No naturalist needs to be reminded 

 of the invaluable service rendered to Zoology by 

 Madame Mer ian, Rosel, Klein, Ludwig,Frisch, 

 Zimmerman, Blumenbach, Soemmering, Bloch, 

 Muller, Leske, and Forster. Additions, not 

 less important, or less known, have been made, 

 within the same time, to Botanical Science, by 

 Knaut, Gartner, Hedwig, Schreber, Jacquin, 

 Breidel, Gmelin, Wildenow, Sprengel, and 

 many others. While Mineralogy 'has received im- 

 mense improvements from the hands of Henkel, 

 Woltersdorf, Vogel, Cartheuser, Voight, 

 Gellert,Raspe,Pott,Margraaf, and Werner. 



At the commencement of the period under con- 

 sideration still less had been done in Chemistry^ 

 by the German philosophers, than in either of the 

 preceding departments of science. How great an 

 amount of discovery and of useful experiment they 

 have presented to the public since that time, it is 

 unnecessary to state. The labours of Stahl, Junc- 

 ker, Pott, Marge a a f, Net; max, Klaproth, 



