124 Chemical Philosophy, [Chap. II. 



tiiry, a number of new Metals have been discover- 

 ed, and the affinities and other properties of me- 

 tallip substances in general have been better un- 

 derstood than before. Those who most eminently 

 distinguished themselves in this department of 

 chemistry, were Margraaf, Cronstedt, Klaproth, 

 Scheele, Bergman, Vanquelin, Kirvvan, Proust, 

 Sage, and Lavoisier; to which might be added 

 many other names. New Earths have been disco- 

 vered, and their chemical properties ascertained, 

 by several of the able chemists last mentioned, and 

 also by Black, Gahn, Hope, Crawford, and Wedge- 

 wood. That class of chemical substances denomi- 

 nated AlJialies, has been better understood, of late 

 years, than in the preceding century. For our 

 knowledge of this department of the science in 

 question, we are particularly indebted to the inves- 

 tigations of du Hamel, Black, Meyer, Priestley, 

 Dieman, van Troostwyck, Bondt, Berthollet, and 

 Austin. Modern chemists have also discovered 

 many new Acids. 



The acids known at the close of the eighteenth 

 century amount to about thirty^ the greater number 

 of which have been discovered vvithin the last/^);(?/ 

 years. Of these, nearly one third Vvcre disco\'ored 

 by the celebrated Scheele, and the remainder clii'etly 

 by Margraaf, Priestley, Lavoisier, Vauquelin, Ber- 

 thollet, and Keir. 



It was not till the century under review that 

 chemical analysis was applied to investigate the 

 composition of animal bodies. This has been at- 

 tempted by a number of modern chemists, and 

 witli very honourable success. Among these, the 

 inquiries of ScUeele, Grcii, Fourcroy, Vauquelin, 



