Sect. IV.] Surgery and Obstetrics. 573 



is to be ascribed to Mr. Pott, Mr. Benjamin Bell, 

 and sir James Earle.. 



The interesting subject of Aneurisms has derived 

 great additional light from the researches of modern 

 anatomists and surgeons. Dr. William Hunter ex- 

 amined the phenomena of this disease with great 

 diligence and success. Tiie present treatment of 

 the popliteal aneurism, which forms a memorable 

 improvement in surgery, is to be ascribed to Mr. 

 John Hunter. 



The lateral operation oi Lithotomy, which is now 

 generally preferred, owes much of its present im- 

 proved state to the labours of the surgeons of the 

 late century. Mr. Cheselden did a ffreat deal to 

 improve it in the first half of the century; and, 

 since liis time, much has been done by Pott, Brom- 

 field, Gooch, sir James Earle, and many others. 

 The Gorget, which is so important among the se- 

 veral instruments employed in this operation, was 

 tjie invention of Mr. Hawkins of London. 



In the management of Fractures and Luxations 

 much advantage has been obtained, witliin the 

 last fifty years, by avoiding the constrained and un- 

 natural positions formerly imposed in such cases, 

 and generally placing the alYected limb in that 

 easy, relaxed, and bent position which the natural 

 inclination of the patient prompts him to assume. 

 By these means much pain is spared, and the straight- 

 ness and perfect recovery of the alfccted limbs ex- 

 ceedingly promot.Yl. 'i'he efforts of Mr. Pott in 

 effecting this salutary reform deserve wvy honour- 

 able mention. 



The treatment o^Gnnshot Wounds is another point 

 on which the surgerv of the eighteenth ccntmy 



