36 Naviga/ioji. [Chap. VIL 



to be mentioned as an importaat mean of pro- 

 moting the same object, and, at the same time, for 

 preserving the timber and cargoes of vessels *. To 

 these may be added some notice of the modern im- 

 proved methods of constnicting Pumps, and other 

 hydraulic machinery of ships, by which the safety 

 and comfort of navigators are greatly secured. 



In addition to the improvements vi^hich have been 

 mentioned, some notice might be taken of the 

 various plans for promoting Submarine Navigationy 

 which have been laid before the public at different 

 times, and by different persons, in the course of 

 the last age ; of the attempts to construct Life- 

 boats, for the safety of mariners in case of extremity ; 

 of the improved methods wdiich have been invented 

 for facilitating the guidance of ships on the ocean, 

 and for measuring their progress. But to give an 

 intelligible enumeration of these and of many other 

 i:^odern improvements in navigation would lead to 

 a minuteness of detail inconsistent with the plan of 

 the present sketch. 



Beside many ingenious individuals to wdiom 

 m.ariners are indebted for patronising and aiding 

 tiieir art, much is also due to some learned and 

 other societies, for their useful exertions to promote 

 the same end. But perhaps to no public bodies 

 will the annals of modern navigation be found to 

 ascribe more than to the Board of Longitude and 

 the Board of Admiralty of Great Britain. 



■^ F(jr ilic invenLion of <jiic ui" llic. most complete and useful 

 plans for vtiituatiiig ships, wc arc indebted to the ingenious 

 jMr. Wynkoop, of rhiliiclclpiiia, wlrose contrivance for this purpose 

 has received hii^h pvMi e \\-.\\\ tliObC wjio arc most competent to 

 judge of its merits. 



